3D Scanning

Three-dimensional or intraoral 3D scanning captures a digital map of the teeth and soft tissues using a handheld wand and specialized software. Unlike traditional putty impressions that create a single physical cast, a 3D scan produces a manipulable digital file that can be reviewed, measured, and shared instantly. The digital model records three-dimensional relationships and fine margin details that are difficult to reproduce reliably with analog techniques.

This digital approach eliminates the need for impression materials to set and for physical models to be shipped to a laboratory in many cases. It also becomes part of the patient record, enabling repeatable reference for future treatment planning without taking additional impressions. Overall, 3D scanning replaces several manual steps with a faster, more reproducible workflow.

A 3D scan begins with a brief intraoral examination and calibration of the scanner before the clinician moves a small wand over the teeth and gums. The device captures millions of data points while software renders a live, three-dimensional model so the clinician can confirm that all areas are recorded. Most full-arch scans are completed within a few minutes per arch and can be repeated quickly if a section needs refinement.

During the appointment you will remain seated and the experience is typically more comfortable than traditional impressions, with less gagging and no messy materials. The clinician will review the on-screen model with you, pointing out margins or areas of interest and explaining next steps. If required, the scan can be exported immediately in standard file formats for lab work or in-office milling.

Digital scans capture precise margin lines, occlusal relationships and spatial anatomy that are essential for well-fitting restorations. Because the data is three-dimensional and high resolution, lab technicians and CAD software can design restorations that better reflect the true shape and contacts of the mouth. This reduces the need for extensive chairside adjustments and lowers the risk of remakes caused by distorted analog impressions.

For multi-unit or complex restorative cases, digital models allow virtual try-ins and preoperative evaluation of fit and function before a restoration is fabricated. The consistent digital record improves communication between the clinician and the dental laboratory, enabling technicians to reproduce fine details and ensure proper contacts. The result is restorations that seat predictably and support long-term oral health.

Yes, intraoral 3D scans are commonly used for orthodontic planning and for fabricating clear aligner trays. The digital model provides accurate arch forms, tooth position data and occlusal relationships that aligner manufacturers use to design sequential movements. Because scans are precise and reproducible, they support predictable aligner staging and allow clinicians to plan treatment digitally before production begins.

Scans also let clinicians simulate end-of-treatment outcomes and communicate expected results with patients during consultations. When combined with software that tracks tooth movement, these digital records help clinicians monitor progress and make timely refinements. The ability to integrate scan data into an ongoing digital record simplifies midcourse corrections and future treatment planning.

Digital intraoral scans can be merged with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data to create a comprehensive, multi-modal view of teeth, bone and surrounding anatomy. This fusion of surface and volumetric datasets is especially valuable for implant planning and for designing surgical guides that require precise angulation and depth control. Integration with CAD/CAM platforms also enables seamless transitions from scan to restoration design and in-office milling when available.

Because standard file formats such as STL and OBJ are widely supported, scan data is interoperable with most laboratory and imaging systems. The combined datasets allow clinicians to evaluate prosthetic outcomes, plan implant positions relative to bone anatomy and construct guides that improve surgical predictability. These coordinated workflows reduce uncertainty and help teams anticipate potential complications before treatment begins.

Intraoral scanning is generally safe and well tolerated by most patients, and it typically causes less discomfort than traditional putty impressions. The scanner uses light and optical sensors to record surface geometry, so there is no exposure to ionizing radiation during the scan itself. For patients with strong gag reflexes or sensory sensitivities, the small wand and quick capture times often make scanning a preferable alternative.

Clinicians follow standard infection control protocols when performing scans, including using barriers on the wand and appropriate disinfection between patients. If a patient has limited mouth opening, the clinician can use segmented scanning techniques to capture the needed data without undue strain. Overall, the process prioritizes patient comfort while delivering clinically useful information.

Digital scans eliminate shipping delays and physical handling of models since files can be transmitted electronically to laboratories the same day as the appointment. Labs can begin design and fabrication immediately on receipt of a high-resolution digital file, shortening turnaround time and improving scheduling predictability. For practices with in-office CAD/CAM systems, scans may be used to mill restorations the same day, reducing the number of appointments required for some cases.

On-screen visualization of the patient's anatomy also improves clarity during case planning, allowing clinicians to annotate margins, mark preparation lines and convey specific instructions to technicians. This direct digital communication minimizes misunderstandings that can occur with traditional notes or analog casts. The net effect is a more efficient, coordinated workflow that benefits both patients and clinical teams.

Digital scan files become part of the patient record and are stored according to the practice's secure data management protocols and applicable privacy regulations. Files are typically archived in the practice management system or dental imaging software with controlled access, audit trails and routine backups. When scans are shared with laboratories or specialists, secure transfer methods are used to protect patient information during transmission.

Clinicians retain the ability to retrieve previous scans for comparison, treatment planning or re-fabrication without repeating impressions. Maintaining organized, secure digital records supports continuity of care and enables more informed decision-making over time. Patients may request information about how their digital records are stored and who has access as part of routine privacy disclosures.

Although digital scanning is widely applicable, there are clinical scenarios where traditional impressions remain appropriate or preferred, such as when a patient cannot fully open their mouth or when access is severely limited. Certain laboratories or specific prosthetic workflows may also rely on analog models for specialized fabrication techniques. Additionally, while most modern scanners handle restorative margins well, extreme subgingival margins can sometimes be easier to record using conventional materials combined with retraction techniques.

Clinicians evaluate each case individually and may combine approaches, capturing a digital scan for most of the arch while taking a focused traditional impression where necessary. The choice is guided by clinical objectives, patient comfort and the requirements of the laboratory workflow. A thoughtful assessment ensures the selected method supports the desired restorative outcome.

Preparation for a 3D scanning visit is minimal, but good oral hygiene and the absence of heavy food debris will help the clinician capture a clean, accurate scan. If you wear removable appliances, such as retainers or partial dentures, bring them to the appointment and follow your clinician's instructions about whether they should be in place during the scan. Also bring any recent dental records or correspondence from other providers if they are relevant to the planned work.

If you have specific concerns such as a strong gag reflex or limited mouth opening, mention them when scheduling so the team can allocate appropriate time and employ comfortable scanning techniques. Plan to allow a little extra time for the clinician to review the digital model with you and to explain next steps. Clear communication before the appointment helps ensure a smooth, efficient scanning experience at the office.